Ribs and Sternum definition and function.
Ribs and Sternum:
Ribs:
The ribs are attached, curved, rod-shaped bones that emerge on the dorsal side of the thoracic spinal cord.
Most ribs then reach the sternum in a semicircle.
In this way they make a cross connection between the two structures and thus serve the stability and elasticity of the chest. Usually the female chest is narrow and less than male.
A human has a total of twelve pairs of ribs, which correspond to the number of thoracic vertebrates.
Basic Structure Of a Ribs:
In human, 12 pairs of ribs are present and there are single rib made up of 3 basic structure of a ribs.
- Head : This is the part of that attaches the rib in the vertebrae. the such of the rib lies just adjacent to head of rib.
- Skull : The length of a rib is termed as shaft; it has costal grooves from where the blood vessels and never pass.
- Tubercle : Tubercle is the terminal (end) part of the ribs which gets attached to vertebrae of the thorax.
Types of Ribs:
Ribs can be sub-divided into 3 types of ribs are as follows.
1) True Ribs: Ribs that are directly attached to the sternum (Via cartilages) are termed as true ribs.
2) False Ribs: Ribs which are not directly attached to the sternum are termed as false ribs.
3) Floating Ribs: These ri bs are not attached to the sternum.
Sternum:
Sternum or breastbone is a ‘T” Shaped or dagger shaped long flat bone. located at the centre of thoracic cavity where it is joined to the ribs with the help of cartilages and forms the formal part of the cage.
This rib cage protects the heart, lungs, major blood vessels, etc, from physical injury or damage.
The three main regions of sternum are:
1) Manubrium: it is the uppermost part of the sternum consisting of two notches, i.e, jugular notch and clavicular notch. Clavicle (collar bone) attaches at the clavicular notch.
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2) Body: Body is that part of sternum where the (2–7) get attached via cartilages.
3) Xiphoid Process: At the time of birth the xiphoid process as a cartilage, which harden due to ossification, as the age progresses.
1) it acts as the point of attachment for the muscles of the abdomen.
2) it is the main point for cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Function of sternum:
1) Sternum completes the rib cage circle thus protecting the vital organs.
2) Ribs are connected to sternum via costal cartilage, thereby providing fexibility.
3) It is also protects the aorta, vena cava and thymus.
4) Sternum fills the space in the mid region of the chest just above the lungs and the heart.
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